Hartwick College Essay Example for Free

Hartwick College Essay In this concentrate, we are indicated knowledge into what Pips character has become, by reacquainting him with the convict Magwitch. In this subsequent visit, we can see the differentiation between Pips first experience, and this all the more stunning scene how Pips persona has transformed from a blameless youth, to an egotistical, egocentric man of his word. Likewise, we are given the alarming disclosure of Pips genuine sponsor, in a combined pinnacle of fervor enhanced with Dickens remarkable composing style. All through the content, Pips way towards others, his perspective and even his story voice change to make two sensibly various characters. The concentrate pictures him as a narrow minded, bombastic youngster who shows extraordinary thanklessness towards Magwitch asking unwelcomingly enough whether he might want to come in and driving endlessly a supplication for love, from one who has buckled down for his entire life just to give Pip an incredible riches, and an undemanding way of life. When Magwitch comes back to welcome his recipient, he is treated with not exactly minor kindness. Pips more youthful character anyway shows up undeniably progressively guiltless, indicating regard and even empathy towards a convict, who undermines and abuses him, happy that his taken food is delighted in by a total outsider. This features a glaring difference between the Pip showed in the concentrate, and Pips more youthful self. Without a doubt Dickens appears to call attention to the incongruity of such a title at the point in time when society thinks of him as honorable man he is definitely not delicate rather he seems vindictive and disparaging of his previous companion Joe whose visit he anticipates with embarrassment. The well off refined man is currently an ethical shadow of the devastated at this point guiltless Pip we are acquainted with toward the start of the story. His synchronous climb to privileged and fall into narrow minded prodigal, prompting his ensuing recovery, are suggestive of the instruction novel well known at that point. These stories of apprenticeship were regularly of abused vagrants who figured out how to get well off and effective. The accounts included the numerous impediments that the saint/courageous woman would need to survive, and their ubiquity crested around Dickens time. Ordinarily, they investigate the adolescent and youthful adulthood of a delicate hero who is looking for the significance of life and the idea of the world (David Cody, Associate Professor of English, Hartwick College.) They would in general contain personal components, and were at times impacted by contemporary social and modern changes. There are additionally some different kinds on which the story addresses, in particular the sensation novel the numerable unexpected developments and stunning disclosures structure an enormous piece of the structure in this concentrate we see the surprising exposure of Pips genuine sponsor, which most contemporaneous perusers would maybe not have speculated. In reality, these climatic scenes are essential to the books accomplishment as a serialization, just as a novel. To keep up enthusiasm for a book that is organized in week by week portions, Dickens utilizes an assortment of sub-plots to keep the peruser immersed. This whimsical composing style gives the content an extraordinary quality, and the general impact on the peruser is one of stun and interest. The meeting with the convict in the memorial park, and his passing, Miss Havishams fire, and the standoff with Orlick are among the most significant climaxs we experience just as Pips second gathering with Magwitch. In this entry, we can perceive how the author develops pressure and takes advantage of Magwitchs mystery. When concentrate arrives at a zenith of fervor, numerous sentences become long and drawn out, and sentence multifaceted nature builds, leaving the shorter, snappier why, Wemmick and would it be J? to additionally advance enthusiasm for the plot, and give a strained, apprehensive climate. As the scene attracts to its peak, as Pips heart (thumps) like a substantial sledge of cluttered activity, we see incredible allegories, and reiteration of noticeable, emotive language (threats, disrespects, outcomes) to give a feeling of tension and heighten the scene. Language is likewise utilized here to estrange the convict from Pip himself. The rich, guttural slang of Magwitchs arterwards, speclated and warmint contrasts against Pips progressively honorable talks of how he can't wish to recharge that opportunity intercourse and asks of the delegate since he embraced that trust. The manner in which Dickens repels Magwitch from Pip is huge: it represents the silly idea that Pip is a man of honor, and that he is better than the convict. Pip trusts himself to be changed since that first possibility meeting in the memorial park, and imagines that he is currently above Magwitch, who is after each of the a lawbreaker. The incongruity experienced by the peruser is that Pips extraordinary riches and privileged way of life is exclusively owing to Magwitch himself, and this also is the wellspring of the stun Pip depicts. The manner in which Dickens portrays Pips emotions is incredibly ground-breaking, as we see Pip suffocating only from the stun of this news, news that his practically fruitful endeavor to turn into a refined man was subsidized by the dim relic of his childhood, whos felonious past shows up further from upper class as is conceivable. This is obviously, not the first occasion when we see Pips character hindered by individuals from his youth there was his gathering with Mr Pocket on his appearance to London, and progressively significant, Joes visit to Pip in his London level. This gathering, similar to the one with Magwitch we find in the concentrate, focuses on the change we have found in Pips character by looking at his way towards somebody he knew as a kid, and how he acts towards them now. Upon his visit, Joe isn't treated with antagonistic vibe accordingly, yet Pip signifies that he positively would have paid cash to shield him from coming. As a kid, Pip consistently stayed companions with Joe in spite of his conspicuous ineptitude and ungainliness, however at this point he wishes more than anything to maintain a strategic distance from him. Pips excusal of Joe along these lines turns the peruser against him somewhat up to this point we have bolstered Pip as the hero. Pips debasement from an honest youth to a rude refined man, and afterward once more into an increasingly decent representative. This pattern of immaculateness, debasement and reclamation is a progressing topic in Great Expectations, and makes unpretentious references to Christian convictions of how the life of eagerness and sin that Pip lived in London, on the abundance of a convict, lead to a consumed guiltlessness that was just freed through his resulting ailment and afterward his fresh start with Estella. The other topic that shows up in the novel, is that of equity and the only discipline of wrongdoing. We first observe this in the presence of a convict (however this technique for discipline was halted in 1868 quite a while after the novel was composed) and Dickens depiction of him as a fair man, who admits to the robbery of some messed up wittles and a measure of alcohol to spare Pip from his sister, Mrs Joe. Also, once more, Mrs Joe herself ties in to the discipline subject, her cruel training of her significant other and sibling again lets us feel for the individuals who are chastised, and not the chastisers. Later in the book, we see another case of this when Magwitch is gotten. What's more, progressively unobtrusive occasions of discipline, for example, Mrs Havisham copying for her debasement of Estella (defilement nearly being a subject in itself) are additionally present in the content, giving us an exhaustive impression of how the individuals who carry out wrongdoing will consistently be brought to equity. The time setting of the novel permits Dickens to incorporate these thoughts of flogging, convicts and open hangings. To a cutting edge peruser, these old, fierce strategies for maintaining the law seem antiquated. Be that as it may, perusers of the time would most likely have encountered these occasions clench hand, somehow. Moral preachings of increasingly aloof activity towards detainees and crooks would be moderately new to them, though these days such perspectives are acknowledged as standard. The emotions made by the perspectives Dickens has on wrongdoing, and its requital, are consequently fundamentally unique between perusers of-the-time and present day understudies. As an advanced crowd, we additionally feel constrained, energized, and captivated by the books complex plotlines, especially in this concentrate. To move such compelling feelings, Dickens utilizes numerous lingual and auxiliary capacities, the previously mentioned adequacy of allegories and symbolism to name one. He likewise writes in the first individual, which is essential to the sentiments the book makes: the story is unquestionably increasingly close to home and including. Dickens additionally laces his plots and subplots cautiously to make a conspicuous quality of pressure. As he develops to the peak of one unexpected development, he keeps on embeddings minimal smaller than normal shows that leave us trusting that the primary storyline will proceed. He does this regularly in the novel, and it makes the perusing generally tense and far less unsurprising. To a less perceptive peruser, Magwitchs return would be a finished amazement this is the place most of this concentrates fascination lies. By and large, this concentrate is in certainty one of the most remarkable scenes in the book. The development of fervor before the last disclosure of Pip your him! is finished with an assortment of unpredictable, artistic gadgets, and the bend in the plot and return of a recognizable character add to its prosperity. It points out Pips new expected job, as an egotistical unreasonable courteous fellow, and is normal for Dickens composing style.

Filial Piety in China essays

Dutiful Piety in China articles Xiao, the Chinese word for dutiful devotion is the characterizing highlight in Chinese culture as obedient devotion was lauded as the most noteworthy ethicalness in China for a considerable length of time. I buy in to the way of thinking that obedient devotion is the foundation of Chinese morals and with everything illuminating investigations appear. Chinese society was based upon the convention of dutiful devotion and that it is the subject in Chinese culture, impacting all parts of Chinese lives. In this article, I will analyze the hugeness of dutiful devotion in Chinese culture. But I have no desire of committing the error of speculation, what I try to characterize is the inclination subject in every single Chinese family which I accept is obedient devotion. As I accept that obedient devotion is the consistent idea that runs in each Chinese family. I am completely mindful that my investigation of obedient devotion doesn't have any significant bearing to each Chinese family, so I can just say that I am certain dutiful devotion suffers in various structures, having been invaded through numerous ages and dissolved by various occasions. So as to make my stand, I will investigate the conventional significance of obedient devotion in China, if and how different occurrences may have affected dutiful devotion in China. I will likewise be investigating the ramifications of the disintegration of obedient devotion and the significance of dutiful devotion in present day China. To characterize conventional dutiful devotion in Chinese culture, it is basic that I draw on crafted by Confucius as Confucianism is the framework that has overwhelmed Chinese idea all through the majority of history, controlling Chinese instruction, society and government for exactly 2,000 years. It is important to consider Mencius' way of thinking as he was likewise a solid effect on Chinese culture. Xiao in conventional Chinese social orders in a general sense implies appreciation to one's folks for giving one life and the obligation and commitment to compensate one's folks for having brought one up. It implies love and firm regard for one'... <!

Pre-Campus Preview Weekend

Pre-Campus Preview Weekend Campus Preview Weekend starts TOMORROW! Are you pumped? I know I am! If youre not, well, to quote Phyo 10, GET PUMPED! I didnt get to go last year, so Ill be running around pretending Im trying to decide whether or not to come to MIT when really I kind of just want to eat liquid nitrogen ice cream. CPW apparently is one of the best times of the year as DChen 10 said, when I left CPW, I was left with a longing to return and a sense of loss of the warmth inside of me blah, blah, blah. And while CPW will probably indeed fill you with a sense of warmth and the knowledge that MIT is the place for you, be sure to give other schools a fair chance. Wouldnt want them to get jealous or anything! So tomorrow, while chilling with my prefrosh and going to class, etc. (we unfortunately do not get institute holidays and have to still get our problem sets done), Ill also be either floating around the registration desk bothering these dudes, or at Next Acts Beauty and the Beast! Well be performing every night at Next House at 8 throughout CPW, so you should definitely come check it out. Ill be playing Silly Girl #1, a demanding role for an upstanding, serious and clearly unsilly person such as myself. Ill also be at the MIT Medical Reception on Friday morning, and the Activities Midway on Saturday afternoon, answering questions about MIT-EMS, MITs student-run emergency medical service. If youve ever wanted to ride in an ambulance, you can do it at MIT. And you can ask me how! And dont forget Friday after the musical is Meet the Bloggers, at 8:30 PM in the Student Center. We will be there. You will be there. My camera will be there, and youll be made famous forever on my blog if you come introduce yourself and get a free high-five. Good times will be had by all. If you happen to see me in the street, though, or track me down at Beauty and the Beast/Meet the Bloggers, be sure to wave! Ill be giving out free high-fives all weekend. You have no idea how excited I am to meet you all. See you soon!

Facts on George Washington Carver - 576 Words

Facts on George Washington Carver At the age of 14 George Washington Carver witnessed a black man being drug out into the streets to be hung and burned. At the time when African Americans were looked down upon George Washington Carver was a very successful with what he did in Ag and science. When George Washington Carver was a small child he was abandoned by his biological parents and left on the lawn of his adopted parents house. George Washington Carver had a rough childhood and he was looked down upon as a child He was almost mute as a child. As he got older he could talkk better. As an adult he had a lisp. A family friend of the Carver family gave George Washington Carver a spelling book. With that book he learned to read and write. He said it also helped him speak. His sister was almost beaten to death by night riders after the Civil War. Night riders were white men whose purpose was to scare and kill blacks. The night riders tried to hurt the Carver kids multiple times. When he became older he was very successful with the peanut. He invented peanut butter and many other peanut products. He made over three hundred peanut products. They include paints, stains, makeup and peanut butter. People now like both of those things. He only patented three of three hundreds of his inventions because he was very poor and could not pay to patented more the three of his three hundred of his inventions. #1,522,176, 1/6/1925, Cosmetics PlantShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington Carver Difficult Path to Great Accomplishments565 Words   |  2 Pages George Washington Carver was born on July 12, 1864, during the Civil War, in Diamond Grove, Missouri. He was one of many children born to Mary and Giles, an enslaved couple owned by Moses Carver. Just a week after his birth, George was kidnapped along with his sister and mother. All of the three were sold in Kentucky, and among them the only who was located was infant George by an agent of Moses Carver, whom then returned George back to Missouri. Moses Carver and his wife, Susan, keptRead More George Washington Carver Essay1774 Words   |  8 Pages George Washington Carver was a African American scientist who showed many intriguing thoughts of nature throughout his life span of being one of the most dedicated scientist. George was born in Diamond Missouri, but his exact date of birth is not known by people. Never the less, one of the most remarkable inventors was born. Many people speculate that he was born sometime in January in 1964, while others believe he was born in June. George was born as a small and weak baby, and he had his firstRead MoreBenjamin Franklin And George Washington Carver1958 Words   |  8 PagesConstitution or finding new uses for a farm product, they all come together to benefit the history of the United States of America. 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Francis Ellen Watkins Harper was a voiceRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War1434 Words   |  6 PagesBooker T. Washington. Washington suggested African-American to obtain some type of training, whether it was vocational or industrial. With this training they would have the necessary skills to survive in the economy. George Washington Carver, another famous former slave, helped liberate most of the south from its dependence on cotton by persuading farmers to plant a variety of different seeds. Along with Booker T. Washington, Carver had minimal interest in the different racial politics. Washington andRead MoreEssay on Defense Of Slavery1108 Words   |  5 Pagesthe slave holders were helping the Africans to achieve a better way of life. To this day, many of the descendants of former slaves still practice the Christianity that was forced upon them by their owners. Evidence of life being better here is the fact that many of the slaves chose not to return to Africa after the demise of slavery. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Living conditions for slaves in many instances were more than adequate. Slaves had talked of how slave masters would let slaves marryRead MoreChapter 31 Essential Questions Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagesthreat to American identity and culture in the prosperous 1920s? America was always seen as a country where it would be safe for immigration and immigrants from Europe to come to make a living. While immigration had always been open for generations, in fact, since the United States was born, people started to resent immigrants because they started to take jobs away from normal citizens, and also because of just plain racism. People wouldn’t like Japanese, Chinese, Italians, Irish, etc. As for assimilationRead MoreIntegrating Technology Into The Classroom Instruction1159 Words   |  5 Pageswere assessed by completing 5 6 in the WB. 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Cardinal Gibbons  was popular with RomanRead MoreChildhood Memories Of Childhood865 Words   |  4 Pages or be dead by the age of eighteen. In fact, much of my early childhood memories consist of neighborhood kids losing their lives, police brutality, and individuals that had mental health issues that often went untreated. Although, I was a young girl who was surrounded b y poverty, the challenges and experiences that I have gone through have shaped my identity and perspective on life. When I entered into the third grade, I attended George Washington Carver elementary school. Being at a new school

William Chaucer s The Wife Of Bath - 1347 Words

Women Progressing Over the years, some may argue that literature has progressed into a better manner or for the worst. In British literature, motifs vary throughout the multiple time periods, such as the Anglo-Saxon Era, Medieval Era, to the Age of Reason period; moreover, motifs have changed out of the regular and accustomed angelic Christian that has to repent and believe in God. British literature begins to introduce a new archetype for women that writers follow in stories by describing them with motherly characteristics and taboo ideas in texts, such as the epic poem, Beowulf, Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue† and â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† in The Canterbury Tales, and the play named The Beggar’s Opera, which brings forth the idea of what is morally acceptable characteristics for women in literature and why writers portray women as antagonist or protagonist with misunderstood and compelling roles. The idea that follows as a pattern within these four texts is how people categorize and standardize the way women should behave. It is best to keep an open mind and to try and travel throughout the time periods that these four works are in. First, in the epic poem, Beowulf, Grendel’s mother is depicted as a monster and evil because, â€Å"this force for evil driven / to avenge her kinsman s death† (lines 1339-1340). Grendel’s mother’s actions to avenge her son is characterized as evil and is what gives her the role of an antagonist and monster; however, it is onlyShow MoreRelatedWilliam Chaucer s Wife Of Bath s Tale1523 Words   |  7 Pagesshared code that dictates how one should act in any possible situation that may arise. While embarking on their epic journeys, knights are often put through trials that test the strength they have to uphold the Knightly Code. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s Wife of Bath’s Tale, the nameless knight disregards his du ty to the Knightly Code in several instances throughout the tale. The knight in question is brought into Arthur’s court labeled with charges of rape. Posed a question by the queen the knight wasRead MoreGender Stereotypes : Macbeth And The Wife Of Bath1515 Words   |  7 Pagesfemale, some authors such as William Shakespeare and Geoffrey Chaucer challenged this by describing the female characters as strong and ambitious characters. Not only challenging the sexual stereotypes that existed in both time periods, Geoffrey Chaucer and William Shakespeare also enabled the female characters both in Macbeth and The Wife of Bath exploit their sexuality to obtain the balance of power. Female characters in Macbeth and The Wife of Bath challenged the traits of stereotypicalRead MoreThe Fight For Gender Equality Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pageswomen within Chaucer and Shakespeare s literary work while keeping the historical, Middle Ages and Renaissance, time periods in mind. More Specifically, â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue,† by Chaucer and â€Å"As You Like It,† by William Shakespeare will be examined. In doing so, the essay will uncover, not only the role of women within the poems, but the feminist aspects Chaucer and Shakespeare contain within both of their poems, and the progressive views certain characters had within â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s PrologueRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And The Canterbury Tales Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s novel, â€Å"Othello† and in Geoffrey Chaucer’s novel, The Canterbury Tales, include women throughout both novels. The novel, Oth ello is written in 1603 and The Canterbury Tales is written in the 1400’s, during the late Middle Ages. Women during the Late Middle Ages and the early Modern Period were portrayed differently then how women are portrayed today. Typically, during this time period of 1400-1600’s, women roles during this time was weak. Women were only allowed to listenRead MoreEssay about Chaucers Wife of Bath2474 Words   |  10 PagesChaucers Wife of Bath Before beginning any discussion on Chaucer’s Wife of Bath, one must first recognize that, as critic Elaine Treharne writes, â€Å"Critical response to the Wife of Bath has been as diverse as it has been emotive† (2). Some critics love the Wife of Bath and her controversial prologue, proclaiming that she is a woman of strength and powerful words; others hate her and cover the eyes of younger girls, determined that Wife of Bath is instead a role model of what women should notRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer s Impact On Literature1231 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s Impact on Literature: English poet Geoffrey Chaucer is acclaimed to be one of the best and most influential poets in history. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote several famous literary works in what is called middle English. Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1340 in London, England. Over the course of Chaucer’s life, he entered and exited several different social classes. He began to write his most known pieces when he became a public servant to Countess Elizabeth of Ulster in 1357. He diedRead More Contradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay3897 Words   |  16 PagesMadame Eglentine, Chaucer?s Prioress, demonstrates an excellent example of the clash between divergent values. In many ways, her description in the General Prologue personifies the model medieval woman: religious, elegant, innocent, loving and sentimental. Yet clearly there is a vast contrast between her description and the vicious, anti-Semitic account of the young boy mutilated in the Ghetto. It is this contrast which points out the ?binaries? or opposites which make up the Prioress?s character. HerRead More The Controversial Margery Kempe Essay4134 Words   |  17 Pagesgrace. Others had a religious perspective, immersing themselves in Gods work on earth. One such woman was Margery Kempe, a fifteenth-century visionary who was widely criticized as being a heretic and worshipper of Satan. Kempe set aside her roles as wife and mother to pursue what she felt was her true calling: preaching Gods Word. Labeled a religious mystic by some, Margery was a highly controversial figure in late medieval England. Not only was her public behavior deemed ridiculous and motivatedRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 PagesTrithemius in Book 2 of his notorious Steganographia (1500) and in his Antipalus Maleficiorum (c. 1500). One copy (British Library, Sloane manuscript 3679) passed down from Simon Forman (d. 1611) to Richard Napier (d. 1634) to Elias Ashmole (d. 1692) to William Lilly (d. 1681). E.M. Butler wr ongly associates it with Gio. Peccatrix, (no doubt a pseudonym) who edited an Italian version of the Key of Solomon (British Library, Sloane manuscript 1307). Misled by some comments by Mathers and others, Dr. Butler

Insomnia and Its Causes Free Essays

Insomnia is a symptom, not a stand-alone diagnosis or a disease. By definition, insomnia is† difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or both†or the perception of poor quality sleep. It is also a common sleep problem that can affect your quality of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Insomnia and Its Causes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poeple with insomnia have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. They wake up during the night or wake up too early next morning. Insomnia may therefore be due to inadequate quality sleep. Insomnia is not defined by a specific number of hours of sleep that one gets, since individuals vary widely in their sleep needs and practices. Although most of us know what insomnia is and how we feel and perform after one or more sleepless nights, few seek medical advice. Many people remain unaware of the behavioral and medical options available to treat insomnia. Insomnia is generally classified based on the duration of the problem. These are the transcient, short-term and chronic insomnia. Insomnia affects all age groups. Among adults, insomnia affects women more often than men. The incidence tends to increase with age. It is typically more common in people in lower socioeconomic (income) groups, chronic alcoholics, and mental health patients. Stress most commonly triggers short-term or acute insomnia. If you do not address your insomnia, however, it may develop into chronic insomnia. Some surveys have shown that 30% to 35% of Americans reported difficulty falling asleep during the previous year and about 10% reported problems with long standing insomnia. There also seems to be an association between depression, anxiety and insomnia. Although the nature of this association is unknown, people with depression or anxiety were significantly more likely to develop insomnia. Insomnia may be caused by a host of different reasons. These causes may be divided into situational factors, medical or psychiatric conditions or primary sleep problems. Insomnia could also be classified by the duration of the symptoms into transient insomnia generally last less than seven days; short-term insomnia usually lasts for about one to three weeks, and chronic insomnia lasts for more than three weeks as mentioned earlier. The various causes of insomnia are elaborated in the paragraphs below. Many of the causes of the causes of transient and short-term insomnia are similar and they include: jet lag, changes in shift work, excessive or unpleasant noise, comfortable room temperature(too hot or too cold),stressful situations in life(exam preparation, loss of a loved one ,unemployment ,divorce ,or separation),presence of an acute medical or surgical illness or hospitalization and withdrawal from drug, alcohol, sedative, or stimulant medications. Also insomnia related to high altitude (mountains), uncontrolled physical Symptoms (pain, fever, breathing problems, nasal congestions, cough, diarrhea, etc. ) can also cause someone to have insomnia. Controlling these symptoms and their underlying causes may lead to resolution of insomnia. Furthermore, majority of the causes of chronic or long-term insomnia are usually linked to an underlying psychiatric or physiologic (medical) condition. Again, the most common psychological problems that may lead insomnia include:anxiety,depression,stress(mental,emotional,situational,etc. ,schizophrenia,and/or mania(bipolar disorder). Nevertheless, insomnia may be an indicator of depression. Many people will have insomnia during the acute phases of a mental illness. As mentioned earlier, depression and anxiety are strongly associated with insomnia. Out of all the other secondary medical and psychological causes of insomnia, anxiety and depression are the most common. Also, physiological causes spa n from circadian rhythm disorders (disturbances of the biological clock), sleep-wake imbalance, to a variety of medical conditions. The following are the most common medical conditions that trigger insomnia: chronic pain syndromes, chronic fatigue syndrome, congestive heart failure, night time angina(chest pain)from heart disease, acid reflux disease(GERD),Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease(COPD) and nocturnal asthma(asthma with night time breathing symptoms). Others include: obstructive sleep apnea, degenerated disease, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease(often insomnia is the deciding factor for nursing home placement. and brain tumors, strokes, or trauma to the brain. In addition to people with the above medical conditions, certain groups may be at higher risk for developing insomnia: travelers, shift workers with frequent changing of shifts, seniors, adolescents or young adult’s students, pregnant women, women in menopause, people who use abuse drugs and alcoholics. Another area worth mentioning is the medication related to insomnia. Certain medications have also been a ssociated with insomnia. Among these are: certain over-the-counter cold and asthma preparations, the prescription varieties of these medications may also contain stimulants and thus produce similar effects on sleep, some medications used to treat high blood pressure have also been associated with poor sleep and some medications used to treat depression, anxiety and schizophrenia. Other causes of insomnia are common stimulants associated with poor sleep include caffeine and nicotine. You should consider not only restricting caffeine and nicotine use in the hours immediately before bedtime but limiting your total daily intake. Also, people often use alcohol to help induce sleep, as a nightcap. However, it is a poor choice. Alcohol is associated with sleep disruption and creates a sense of non-refreshed sleep in the morning. Lastly, a disruptive bed partner with loud snoring or periodic leg movements also may impair your ability to get a good night’s sleep. In spite of the above stated points doctors associate a variety of signs and symptoms with insomnia. Often, the symptoms intertwine with those of other medical or mental conditions. They are: some people with insomnia may complain of difficulty falling asleep or waking up frequently during the night. The problem may begin with stress. Then, as you begin to associate the bed with your inability to sleep, the problem may become chronic. Also most often daytime symptoms will bring people to seek medical attention. Daytime problems caused by insomnia include the following: poor concentration and focus, difficulty with memory, impaired motor coordination (being uncoordinated), irritability and impaired social interaction and motor vehicle accidents because of fatigued, sleep-deprived drivers. Other symptoms may include: having trouble falling asleep, waking up during the night and having trouble going back to sleep, waking up too early in the morning, feeling tired when they wake up(like didn’t get enough sleep) and feeling grouchy, sleep, or anxious and be unable to get things done during the daytime. People may worsen these daytime symptoms by their own attempts to treat the symptoms; alcohol and antihistamines may compound the problems with sleep deprivation. Others have also tried non prescription sleep aids. Many people with insomnia do not complain of daytime sleepiness, and in fact, they may have difficulty falling asleep during intentional daytime naps. In diagnosing insomnia, the health practitioner will begin an evaluation of insomnia with a complete medical history. As with most medical examinations; a complete medical history and physical examination are import aspects of assessment and treatment of insomnia. The health care practitioner will seek to identify any medical or psychological illness that may be contributing to the patient’s insomnia. A thorough medical history and examination including screening for psychiatric disorders and drug and alcohol use is paramount in evaluation of a patient with sleep problems. Physical examination may particularly focus on heart and lung examination, and measurement of size of the neck and visualizing oral and nasal air passages(to see whether sleep apnea needs to be assessed in more detail). Treatment for insomnia focuses on the reason why you don’t sleep well. In general, transient insomnia resolves when the underlying trigger is removed or corrected. Most people seek medical attention when their insomnia becomes chronic. The main focus of treatment for insomnia should be directed towards finding the cause. Once a cause is identified, it is important to manage and control the underlying problem, as this alone may eliminate the insomnia without addressing the main cause is rarely successful. If you have a medical problem, such as stress, treating that problem may help you sleep better. You may be able to sleep better by making some small changes. It may help to: go to bed at the same time each night, get up at the same time each day, avoid caffeine and alcohol for several hours before bedtime, get regular exercise (but make sure you finish the exercise at least 3 to 4 hours before you go to bed) and avoid daytime naps. Some people may need medicine for a while to help them fall asleep. Doctors often prescribe medicine for a short time if other treatment isn’t working. But medicine doesn’t work as well over time as lifestyle and behavior changes do. Sleep medicine can also become habit-forming. Medicine works best as a short-term treatment combined with lifestyle and behavior changes. Your doctor may also recommend counseling, which can help you learn new habits that may help you sleep better. Talk to your doctor about your sleep problems and any other health issues you may have. This is important, because lack of sleep can lead to depression, accidents, and problems at work, marital and social problems, drinking more alcohol than usual and poor health. Treatment may help you avoid these problems and feel better. Generally, treatment of insomnia entails both non-pharmacologic (non-medical) and pharmacologic (medical) aspects. It is best to tailor treatment for individual patient based on the potential cause. Studies have shown that combining medical and non-medical treatments typically is more successful in treating insomnia than either one alone. In a nutshell, I would advise that if you have insomnia caused by jet lag, your symptoms will generally clear up within a few days. If you are depressed and have had insomnia for many months, it is unlikely that your symptoms will go away on their own. Your outcome will also depend on coexisting medical conditions, which may include congestive heart ailure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and chronic pain syndromes. Synonyms and keywords Sleeplessness, stress, anxiety, depression, sleepless, chronic insomnia, acute insomnia, mental illness, sleep habits, insomniac, insomnia, difficulty sleeping, sleep, disorders that disrupt sleep, difficulty falling asleep, primary insomnia, sleep test, obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia medications, daytime sleep iness, melatonin, jet lag, shift change. Authors and Editors Author: Siamak T. Nabili(2010),MD,MPH Editor: Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD Reference: eMedicine. Com. Insomnia. http://emedicine. edscape. com/article/1187829-overview Previous contributing authors and editors: Author: Mary E. Cataletto, MD, Associate Director, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Winthrop University Hospital; Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pediatrics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, et al. Other works consulted: * Littner M, et al. (2003). Practice parameters for using polysomnography to evaluate insomnia: An update. Sleep, 26(6):754-760. * Ropper AH, Samuels MA (2009). Sleep and its abnormalities. In Adams and Victor’s principles of Neurology, 9th ed. , pp. 374-396. New York: McGraw-Hill. How to cite Insomnia and Its Causes, Essay examples

Gulivers Travels Part Two Essay Example For Students

Gulivers Travels Part Two Essay After only a brief stay with his family, Gulliver returns to the sea as a surgeon. The ship is blown off course by a storm in the Pacific Ocean east of Japan and a shore party in an unknown country abandons Gulliver. He finds himself in Brobdingnag where the inhabitants are sixty feet tall. After being captured and exhibited for money by a farmer, Gulliver becomes a prized possession of the royal court. One of the two main story lines in his part is Gullivers many misadventures due to his size; menaced by wasps, a frog, birds, a monkey, and a jealous court dwarf. The other thread centers on Gullivers interviews with the King, who questions him about all aspects of the rest of the world. Gulliver recounts these discussions to show the Kings narrow understanding but instead proves the Kings judgment to be very sharp. After hearing the state of affairs in Europe, he concludes we are a Race of little odious Vermin. Gulliver escapes when an eagle carries away his box and drops him into th e sea where he is rescued by an English ship and returned home. Some very important themes that the reader may have picked up on can be very helpful. One of these themes is that no matter How small something is, it is not inferior. Gulliver stayed with the Lilliputians for a very long time. The fact that they were only six Inches tall did not mean that he could do anything he wanted around or to them. Another theme that the reader should have got is that no matter how large something is; it still has to have a small amount of brains. The giants in the second part were very tall, but nowhere did the book say that they were very smart. There was a large amount of satire to be observed in this section of the novel. One of the many things would be the direct relation to lack of food in his country versus the amount of food eaten by the queen. He states she takes up in one mouth full more than 6 English farmers could eat in a meal. He states also that the site of this makes him nauseous and sick to his stomach.

Creation Truth and Myth

Introduction There have been a lot of contention in regard to how life came into being. Christians and other religious groups have maintained that creation was done by God as described by the Bible and other holy books. Christians have stuck to the genesis account of creation with some modifying it to suit their respective doctrines and disciplinary influences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Creation: Truth and Myth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many conservative Christian groups regard the myths of creation that appear in the initial parts of genesis to be literally correct (Frigge, 2009). They do not doubt that it was conducted by God in six days. Many believe that creation was actually done by God exactly as it is described in the Bible and this actually took place circa 4004 BCE as worked out by Bishop Ussher (Frigge, 2009). Other groups of conservative Christians have tried to bring together the genesis creation version with findings in science. They, therefore, believe that God created the Earth and all that is in it; in addition, they believe that the Earth is billions of years old (Frigge, 2009). Most liberal Christian groups simply reject the inerrancy described by the Bible (Halbur, 2007). They point out the fact the individuals who wrote genesis existed in pre-scientific times. Even elementary geology, cosmology, astronomy and biology were far much beyond their knowledge (Frigge, 2009). This group of Christians tends to accept the creation stories described in genesis as imaginative creative works that have no bearing on reality or myths derived from earlier Mesopotamian creation stories that were re-worked by the ancient Israelites (Halbur, 2007). This paper seeks to describe creation truths and myths as described in different written Christian interpretations. The paper will greatly refer to two written works, the Saint Mary’s Press College Study Bible and the Frigge ’s textbook, The Beginning Biblical Studies. References will also be made from the â€Å"book of Genesis† (Frigge, 2009). Genesis creation narrative The creation myth is found in the beginning of the book, in the first chapters. The first chapter describes how God created the whole world within six days through divine speech. The creation included mankind on the sixth day and rested on the seventh day (Frigge, 2009). The second chapter of genesis describes the identity of God as the â€Å"God of Israel† creating the first man named Adam, placing him in the Garden of Eden and making the first woman Eve from his rib (Halbur, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Basically, the creation narrative is composed of these two parts that form the initial two chapters of the Bible. While the second part of genesis is a simple narrative that picks from the formatio n of the first man in the Garden of Eden to the creation of the first woman and the establishment of the institution of marriage, the first part of genesis stands out due to its organization (Halbur, 2007). The chapter is organized in eight instances of creation that supposedly took place over a six day period. In the first three days of the creation, according to the first chapter of Genesis, God conducted three important divisions. During the first day, he separated darkness from light, on the second day, he separated the waters below from the waters above and, on the third day, he separated the sea from land (Frigge, 2009). According to Frigge, in the next three days, God creates the stars and the sun, creates fish and fowl in the seas and skies respectively (2009). On the last day, he creates land animals which include mankind. Genesis story as a myth It is important to note that myths have varied origins. Many of them are usually fictional but there are some that are based on e vents that actually took place. Myths, whether fictional or based on actual events are used for different purposes such as explaining things that cannot be explained, to convey religious messages or to keep a group together (Frigge, 2009). Several texts give an explanation of how a myth develops from a historical event that actually took place. They state that major events that took place in the history of a community are retold and retold to different generations. Eventually, the stories take a deeper level giving rise to a myth. One such myth is the story of exodus (Frigge, 2009). There have been a lot of controversy surrounding the issue of whether creation is a myth or the truth or whether what is written in genesis is what really took place or it was engineered to suit the needs of the time. Indeed, many contemporary biblical scholars have asserted that the first major comprehensive draft of the Pentateuch (five books beginning with Genesis to Deuteronomy) were written in the l ate 7th or 6th century BC by the Jahwist source and they were later expanded to incorporate additional narratives and laws from the Priestly source to create the work we have today (Halbur, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Creation: Truth and Myth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the view of these contemporary scholars, the purpose was to come up with a monotheistic creation version in opposition to the polytheistic myth that was being advanced Babylon (Frigge, 2009). In the Frigge’s text book â€Å"Beginning Bible Studies†, the challenges faced by the priestly group are clearly outlined. The priestly was at pains to create a writing that would sound well for reestablished but struggling Jews who were just returning after spending more than a century in exile. These people had gone through enough trouble with their creator (Frigge, 2009). In setting out to do their work, the priestly had t o put into consideration the kind of people they were writing for, their questions and their needs at that time. The priestly group had to devise a writing that would resonate well with them and lead them back to the ways of God. The priestly redactor decided to create a chronological account of the salvation history that would teach the present and future generations the fundamental beliefs about their God (Halbur, 2007). The chronological account had to have a beginning and, thus, the need for a creation myth. This was important in order to address the people of Israel particularly in regard to the situation they were in at that time. Thus, the creation myth in Genesis was purely designed to deal with questions that could have been raised by the people (Frigge, 2009). The truths in the creation myth The book of Genesis has two creation stories that fit into one narrative (Halbur, 2007). It is said that the words translated in English do capture the full meaning that was in the Heb rew language. This is due to the fact that the Hebrew language uses verb tenses that cannot be found in the English language. Other words in the Hebrew language are only used in conversations or writings that are related to God. For instance, the bara refers to creation that is done only by God but English does not have such word that describes creations done by God alone. This implies that the myth of creation contained in Genesis has a deeper meaning when described in Hebrew (Frigge, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, the myth of creation contains hidden truths that apply to the everyday life. It is also important to note that the translation of the Bible from Hebrew to English led to a significant lose in the meaning. For instance, creation is popularly associated with the creation of Adam and Eve but a closer analysis of the Bible reveals that it does not feature prominently in the first three chapters of the book of Genesis. Another major misconstruction can be seen by carefully reading chapter 1:27 which states that â€Å"God created man in his image, in the divine image he created him; male and female he created them† (Frigge, 2009). This verse seems to be grammatically wrong it was wrongly translated from the Hebrew language. For English, the word â€Å"man† can stand for the male sex or whole human race (Halbur, 2007). In Hebrew, there are two distinct words. Ish refers to a male person while Adam is more commonly used to refer to humankind. Thus, the use of Adam in t he book of Genesis simply implies that God created and continues to create the Human race. There is evidence that in ancient Hebrew, the word Adam was used to symbolize all human beings. Thus, in saying that â€Å"God created Adam†, the statement refers to the creation of all human kind (Frigge, 2009). On the other hand, the symbolic meaning of the name â€Å"Eve† can be found in Genesis 3:20. It refers to the mother of all (Halbur, 2007). The story of Adam and Eve is usually introduced to people from an early age. The story usually remains ever present in one’s mind through to adulthood. Scholars have pointed out that this wonderful story can have very serious consequences on a person’s spiritual health. They warn that the story should not be taken for its literal meaning. For instance, in the first chapter of Genesis, man and woman are created simultaneously but, in the second chapter, the woman is created later (Frigge, 2009). Indeed, the two versions cannot be taken to be literally true. They are simply used to reflect on the human condition. The story of Adam and Eve in the book of Genesis has been taken literally by many putting people in an awkward relationship with God. Many people who take the story literally think that the story proclaims subservience of women to man (Halbur, 2007). The story seeks to establish the fact that no human being can exist on his/her own. Another controversial issue that comes up in the creation myth is the statement that humankind, male and female, is created in the divine image of God (Frigge, 2009). Christianity forbids humans from comparing anything o God. It is, thus, not always accepted that humans were created in the same way as God. Biblical scholars are still debating to identify the precise meaning of this statement. Many have sought assistance from the book of psalms. In psalms 8:6, God is praised for creating humans a bit less than God, crowned with glory and honor (Frigge, 2009). It is important to note that in Hebrew language, an equivalent of the word glory (kabod) is often used to refer to God. But, in this verse, it is applied to humans too. The word kabod or â€Å"glory† refers to the manifestation of God that is visible (Frigge, 2009). The book of psalms indicates that in a way God shares his divine nature with humankind. Thus, the statement that humans were created in the image of God implies that there is a part of God that is shared with humankind. According to the scriptures, the main purpose that humans serve on Earth is to manifest the presence of God. The statement that humans were created in the image of God was evidently applied by the Priestly redactor to contrast the Israel religious beliefs from that of Babylon (Frigge, 2009). In the Babylon creation myth, human beings are created in order to serve Gods just the same way as slaves serve their masters (Halbur, 2007). The myth of creation also talks of human beings giving care to other hu mans and all other living things. An in-depth analysis of this finding shows that God involves human beings in his creation work. Thus, man acts as a co-creator with God and also with other humans. These studies show that woman and man corporate to give the breath from God the creator to new life. The creation of a woman out of the man’s ribs has long been held as implying that women are subordinate to men. However, the careful study of the book of Genesis with apparent reference to the Hebrew language show that this belief falls (Halbur, 2007). In the first book of Genesis, God instructs humankind to have dominion over all plants and animals. Many Christians have taken this to mean that human beings can exercise power over plants and animals in any way they feel necessary. When this call to human beings to exercise dominion is analyzed in Hebrew, it means something quite different. In ancient Israel, the human king was like God’s representative on Earth and, therefore , he was required to rule in the same way as God. In regard to this, the call to â€Å"have dominion† implies that the ruler should direct all living things to exist in a peaceful, harmonious and justified manner. Therefore, God’s call to Adam to have dominion over plants and animals did not imply that human beings should manipulate other creatures in whatever way they deem necessary (Halbur, 2007). The call was intended to mean that human beings should act as God’s representatives on Earth and ensure that everything is moving in the right direction. Thus, in as much as humans are required to depend on God at any given moment, they have the power to rule over other animals. They are simply created to assist God and represent him on Earth. This description of the creation of human beings and their purpose is seen in the first story of creation. The first story is often thought to have been sourced from Priestly own writing tradition. Priestly must have seen this account of creation to be incomplete (Frigge, 2009). They must have taken a look at how the relationship between God and Israel had changed over the years. Priestly saw that the relationship described in the first chapter of Genesis had not materialized. The initial plan that God for humanity had failed and so Priestly had to create another myth. According to Frigge, the second story or myth was sourced from the Jewish tradition and it told of how God had made man out of clay from the ground then blew into his nostrils the breath of life (2009). In genesis 2:7, the Bible describes how God formed humans out of Earth. In Hebrew, the word used to represent the wind that God blew into Adams nostrils can be used to mean wind, breath or spirit. Thus, Adam only becomes a living human after he has been infused with the spirit/breath (Frigge, 2009). The symbolic meaning of this is to portray human beings as being complex combinations of very different things. The divine part of humans can be regarded to be God’s own spirit. Human beings can also be described as weak earthly creatures. But human beings forget that they should depend on God for life and more often they put themselves at the same level as God (Halbur, 2007). Conclusion This paper sought to describe creation truths and myths as described in different written Christian interpretations. It has been established that the two first chapters of the book of Genesis are made of two contrasting myths that describe how God created man kind and all other things. However, things accounts are only contrasting when the literal meaning is taken. Deeper analysis, with a lot of support from the original Hebrew language, establishes the real meaning of these creation myths. References Frigge, M. (2009). Beginning Biblical Studies. Winona: Anselm Academic. Halbur, V. (2007). Saint Mary’s Press College Study Bible. Winona: Saint Mary’s. This essay on Creation: Truth and Myth was written and submitted by user Leonel P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Star-Spangled Banner in Spanish Translation

'Star-Spangled Banner' in Spanish Translation Works of literature can be especially hard to translate well, as the majesty of the language and connotations of certain words can be lost. That is especially true of songs, where the rhythm and poetry of the original language can be lost as well. But that doesnt keep translators from trying. No fewer than four translators have made serious, recognized attempts to translate The Star-Spangled Banner, although not all have tried to make the words singable. How well did they do? Judge for yourself: Traducido por Francis Haffkine Snow, 1919 Amanece:  ¿no veis, a la luz de la aurora,Lo que tanto aclamamos la noche al caer?Sus estrellas, sus barras flotaban ayerEn el fiero combate en seà ±al de victoria,Fulgor de cohetes, de bombas estruendo,Por la noche decà ­an: !Se va defendiendo! Coro:!Oh, decid!  ¿Despliega aà ºn su hermosura estrellada,Sobre tierra de libres, la bandera sagrada? En la costa lejana que apenas blanquea,Donde yace nublada la hueste ferozSobre aquel precipicio que elà ©vase atroz ¡Oh, decidme!  ¿Quà © es eso que en la brisa ondea?Se oculta y flamea, en el alba luciendo,Reflejada en la mar, donde va resplandeciendo Coro:!Aà ºn allà ­ desplegà ³ su hermosura estrellada,Sobre tierra de libres, la bandera sagrada!  ¡Oh asà ­ sea siempre, en lealtad defendamosNuestra tierra natal contra el torpe invasor!A Dios quien nos dio paz, libertad y honor,Nos mantuvo nacià ³n, con fervor bendigamos.Nuestra causa es el bien, y por eso triunfamos.Siempre fue nuestro lema  ¡En Dios confiamos! Coro:!Y desplegar su hermosura estrellada,Sobre tierra de libres, la bandera sagrada! Traductor desconocido Oh, decidme,  ¿veis a la primera luz de la auroraLa que izamos con orgullo al à ºltimo rayo del crepà ºsculo,Cuyas anchas bandas y brillantes estrellas, en la fiera luchaContemplamos ondeando gallardas sobre las murallas? El resplandor rojizo de los cohetes y el fragor de las bombasProbaban que por la noche nuestra bandera aà ºn estaba allà ­.Oh, decidme,  ¿flota todavà ­a la enseà ±a estrellada y listadaSobre la tierra de los libres y la patria de los valientes? En la costa apenas perceptible entre las nieblas del marDonde la altiva hueste enemiga reposa en temeroso silencio, ¿Quà © es lo que la brisa al soplar oculta en parteY en parte descubre su elevado pedestal? Ahora recibe el destello del primer rayo matutinoReflejado en todo su esplendor, y ahora se destaca en el aire ¡Es la enseà ±a estrellada y listada! Que ondee largos aà ±osSobre la tierra de los libres y la patria de los valientes.  ¿Y dà ³nde est aquella banda que engreà ­da jurabaQue el torbellino de la guerra y la confusià ³n del combateNos privarà ­a para siempre de patria y hogar?La sangre ha lavado la mancha de sus pasos desleales. Ningà ºn refugio pudo salvar al mercenario y al esclavoDel terror de la fuga o de la lobreguez del sepulcro.Y la enseà ±a estrellada y listada ondea triunfanteSobre la tierra de los libres y la patria de los valientes. Asà ­ sea siempre, cuando los hombres libres se interponganEntre sus amados hogares y la desolacià ³n de la guerra:En la victoria y la paz, este paà ­s, socorrido por el cielo,Alabe al Poder que nos creà ³ y conservà ³ como Nacià ³n. Hemos de triunfar, pues nuestra causa es tan justa,Y sea nuestra divisa:  ¡En Dios est nuestra confianza!Y la bandera estrellada y listada flotar triunfanteSobre la tierra de los libres y la patria de los valientes. Traducido por Manuel Fernndez Juncos El dà ­a renace y alegra la auroraTransmite al oriente su vivo color, ¿No ves la bandera que ayer saludamosAl à ºltimo tenue reflejo del sol?Ondeaba en el muro durante la luchaDe franjas y estrellas luciendo el matiz. Y al fuego rojizo de bombas marcialesLa vimos de noche tremolando allà ­.  ¿Quà © es eso que al aire se agita y flamea,Allà ­ sobre el monte cercano al marCual signo que anuncia cordial despedidaAl fuerte enemigo que triste se va? ¡Es nuestra bandera!El sol de la gloria la envuelve y la baà ±a en và ­vida luz. Mirad como ahora se extiende arroganteMostrando su blanco, su rojo y su azul. La turba enemiga que en local jactanciaJurà ³ despojarnos de patria y hogar ¿A dà ³nde se ha ido?Ya cruza las olas;Se siente pequeà ±a donde hay libertad. ¡Que asà ­ siempre sea; cuando un pueblo dignoEl yugo sacude de fiera opresià ³n!  ¡El cielo liberte los pueblos que luchanSi es justa su causa y esperan en Dios! La paz y el trabajo propicios nos haganLlegar a la meta de nuestro deber..Llevando por guà ­as la ciencia y la gloriaLlevando por lema virtud y poder.De estrellas y franjas la noble banderaMantà ©ngase libre de mancha y baldà ³n. Y alcemos al cielo, por nuestra victoriaDe pueblos honrados la grata oracià ³n. Traducido por Guillermo F. Hall Oh, decid:  ¿podeis ver, al rayar de la aurora loQue vimos anoche orgullosos flotar?La estrellada bandera, tremolando altanera, encumbrada enLa torre y excitando luchar!Y a la luz de la roja, fulgurante centella, laBandera ondeaba, ondeaba ms bella;Y a travà ©s de la densa humareda inflamada,Con quà © orgullo miramos la bandera ondear!  ¡El pendà ³n de la Patria, la bandera estrellada,Encumbrada en la almena convidando a luchar! Oh! decid,  ¿todavà ­a contemplais la bandera,La estrellada bandera,Sobre suelo de libres que defienden su hogar? A travà ©s de la niebla, de la mar a la orillaIracundo enemigo nos atisba a marchar. ¿Quà © es aquello que ondula, que flamea y simulaUn enjambre de estrellas refulgiendo en el mar?Ya del alba recoge la primer llamarada;Ya se oculta en la niebla, ya aparece inflamada;Ya ostentando sus glorias se refleja en el rà ­o;Ya sus franjas y estrellas nos deslumbran al par.  ¡El pendà ³n de la Patria, tremolando bravioY flamenado en la almena nos incita a luchar!  ¡El pendà ³n de la Patria, la estrellada bandera,Tremolando altaneraSobre suelo de libres que defienden su hogar!  ¿Dà ³nde est la falange enemiga y aleveQue con vana porfà ­a se atreviera a jurarQue al fragor de la guerra, en la lucha que aterra,Perderà ­amos patria y familia y hogar? ¡Con su sangre lavara la verguenza inferidaDe su paso a la hulla por la tierra querida!Encontrar no podrà ­a un refugio el taimado,Que en su fuga oprobiosa la pudiera salvarDel terror de esa fuga, del morir angustiadoCon el ansia del triunfo que no pudo alcanzar.Mientras tanto tremola la estrellada banderaY triunfante, altanera,Sobre suelo de libres nos custodia el hogarSiempre asà ­, cuando altivo se levante el patriotaDefendiendo su suelo, su familia y su hogar. La radiante victoria lo circunde de gloria, ¡Y bendiga al Eterno que lo hiciera triunfar!Y pues Dios nos asiste y la lucha es tan santa,Y el pendà ³n de la Patria nos alienta y levanta,Conservemos la Patria, el hogar que adoramos,Y adoptamos por lema, sacrosanto y sin par: ¡Sea Dios nuestro guà ­a; en su apoyo confiamos!  ¡Justiciera es la causa que nos manda a luchar,Y el pendà ³n de la Patria, la estrellada bandera,Tremolando altanera,Sobre suelo de libres nos conserve el hogar!

Annotated Bibliography on the Use of Nuclear Weapons during WWII Assignment

Annotated Bibliography on the Use of Nuclear Weapons during WWII - Assignment Example Most of primary sources date back to the time when historical events happened. During world war two in 1945, the United States of America attacked Japan with several nuclear bombs. These bombs carry the names ‘little boy’ and ‘fat man’. Primary sources on the nuclear weapons reveal a lot of information on the effects of the bombs. Laurence, William. â€Å"NAGASAKI WAS THE CLIMAX OF THE NEW MEXICO TEST,† LIFE Vol.19 (13) (1945). 30-31. The ‘LIFE’ magazine acts as a good primary source sine it was one of the magazines reporting on the happenings of the world war in 1945. The September 24, 1945 issue had a cover photo of military men in war. This photo gave the reader an insight on the then ongoing war. That was the second war that brought about the nuclear weapons. Laurence William authored the article, â€Å"NAGASAKI WAS THE CLIMAX OF THE NEW MEXICO TEST†. The author had the mandate of making official reporting on all proceedings of the trials and release of the atomic bombs and provides firsthand information of the release â€Å"Fat man’. Since he was among the crew of people dropping the bomb on Nagasaki, his article becomes very dependable. He expresses the thrill of the crew because they had every hope that the bombing of Nagasaki would be the end of the Second World War. He then elaborates the explosion of the radioactive bomb, giving details, of the effects on the city and land. He describes the resulting crater, the flashing of the atomic light, the uprising of dust-like fire that he calls a new living thing. The article captures the attention of the reader because it has an illustration of the real damage on the ground. It paints a picture of the massive impact of atomic power. He must have written the article to narrate the experience to the United States audience. This bomb marked the end of the Second World War and a clear description of the exact bombing mission was of great interest to the American public. The article paints a picture of the atomic explosion that marked the end of the war but remains in history for its effects. Marshak, R. E., Nelson, E. C. and Schiff, L. I. â€Å"Atomic Bomb Damage-Japan and USA,†Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 1 (10) (1946). 6. The bulletin of atomic scientists is another valuable primary source that contains articles on the breakthroughs in atomic science. The May 1, 1946 issue elaborated the potential of the atomic bomb. Marshak, Nelson, and Schiff describe the destructive causes of the atomic bomb. The authors give details of how the blast, heat, gamma rays, and byproducts on the ground cause destruction. According to the authors, the blast causes collapse of buildings while the heat or fire can result to burns. In addition, the gamma rays cause devastating effects to the people and to objects on the ground. The Bulletin of the atomic scientists aims at updating the public on development in nuclear weapon developm ent and this is the reason why the authors elaborate their facts in understandable terms. Cate, James, United States Air Force , Air Historical Group, United States, USAF Historical Division, Officer of Air force History. The Army Air Forces in World War II: Plans and early operations, January 1939 to August 1942, (Pennsylvania: DIANE Publishing, 1948), 1-7. This is a book written by Cate James and different offices of the United States

NOL Card - Change Management Case Research Paper

NOL Card - Change Management Case - Research Paper Example to work on their technology and infrastructure designed and facilities and for this cause working on roads, building, parking areas, buses, cars, taxi is highly important that needs to be taken care off. The government has given the responsibly to handle the working and operations of buses, roads, and parking areas to RTA. Not only this RTA is also responsible for the traffic signals, the rules and strategic planning of roads, buses, stations, etc in Dubai. NOL card is designed by RTA for using different modes of travelling and parking areas that are designed by RTA. RTA is consistently working to provide ease of travelling to their citizenship and to the people that travels and visits Dubai. For this cause, they have introduced different types of NOL card according to the need and preferences of the travelers. Not only this, but RTA has also introduced the Smart card that is more easy and reliable in use than other card and now RTA has also made agreements with the grocery markets a nd other stores and shopping outlets to use the NOL card for purchasing grocery items and others hopping items thus making the lives of their citizen’s more easy and comfortable. Road Transport Authority (RTA) was formed in November 2005 with the main responsibility of coming up with policies and strategies of transforming the transport system of Dubai. In an effort to achieve its objective RTA introduced the use of NOL cards in public transport system. This is a modern technology that uses a smart card to pay for public transport. These smart cards are of four types including red, silver, gold, and blue with each category tailor-made to fit certain category of clientele. The use of NOL card was recognized by the government as an important tool to modernize the transport sector to match international standards. This analysis used transformational part of Bruke-Litwin causal model of organization performance and change in order to identify the key elements that derived the need for

Causes of Economic Growth and Crashes

Causes of Economic Growth and Crashes Amy Zhi â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes,† â€Å"Too Big to Fail† and the 2008 Recession The film â€Å"Too Big to Fail† takes viewers down the 2008 financial meltdown, also known as the â€Å"Great Recession of 2008,† and emphasizes its impact on the economy. The crisis was avoidable and caused by â€Å"widespread failures in financial regulation (Fed’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages); dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly by taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by household and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; and simply lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw.† ( University of North Carolina). The book â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes,† by Peter Schiff, comically interprets the effects of inflation, deficit spending, central banking, foreign trade, and the housing bubble and credit crunch of 2008. The U.S. economy boomed during the 2000-2007 period, as the global pool of fixed-income securities increased greatly from $36 trillion in 2000 to $80 trillion by 2007. In â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes,† the Usonian economy starts with production and trade soon follows. Usonia now had savings and credit, an increase in savings decreases real interest rates and an increase in credits increases demand, hence, there was expansion in the Usonian economy. As the economy prospered, it created a paper currency backed by fish, similar to currency backed by full gold reserves in the U.S. However, fractional reserve banking develops and only a fraction of bank deposits were backed by actual fish for withdrawal. The government decided to delink the paper currency from the fish. Usonia degraded the value of the fish by creating more fish out of the value of one. This process of â€Å"shrinking fish† eventually leads to â€Å"fishflation.† As people start spend ing more and producing less, the economy stops blooming and crashes. A king from Sinopia, an island that still had no savings, bank credit, or business, observed Usonia and saw their luxurious lifestyle of credit and commerce. The king thought that the possession of Fish Reserve Notes was the key to advancement. Notes were then used as money across the entire ocean, and the economy was saved as Sinopia traded their fish for Usonia’s fish reserves. Thus, Usonia was again piled with savings and credit, causing a spending binge atmosphere in Usonia. This is similar to when China supplies the essential items for U.S. fiat currency. Usonia largely consumed and Sinopia produced, hence, the trade relationship was skewed. However, as Goodbank said, â€Å"The people will get wise. They will worry about their savings and withdraw their deposits,† which is exactly what happened next. Foreign islanders realized that the fish reserve was worthless with no backing at all. Therefore, islanders started to withdraw fishes with their fish reserves all at once. In truth, there really were not enough fish in the economy, so Usonia had no choice but to close the fish reserves window. It is fiat currency and worthless, backed by nothing but the faith in the government. Producers were harmed by the expansion of the money supply because resources were more expensive and workers would soon demand higher real wages. Production decreased further and the Usonian bank loan officials targeted the islands â€Å"hut loan market.† As lenders and borrowers in the U.S. put their immense amount of savings to use, the â€Å"Giant Pool of Money† â€Å"overwhelmed the policy and regulatory control mechanisms in the country.† (Abir) Citizens jumped to buy houses all at the same time, either for greed, fear, or stupidity. There were risky investors and individuals who thought there was no ceiling price on real estates. There were individuals jumping into the housing market because they were concerned if they didn’t, they would lose out on easy profit. Mortgage regulators were not paying close enough attention to the market and business practices, commodity mortgage buyers were not researching the loans they were taking out, and speculators /builders were pricing homes entirely too high in the first place. All of which lead to the housing bubble of 2008. Senator Cliff Cod of Usonia created Finnie Mae and Fishy Mac to buy hut loans from the market. â€Å"The hut lending program was a massive hit amongst banks as they were earning risk-free profits. These agencies created a big industry where hut building, hut selling and hut decorating industries took off.† (Krishna) All of production and advancement occurred while no actual fish were being generated, so, nothing productive was actually happening. Although loans were not the best use of savings, political officials â€Å"encouraged hut ownership and education.† (Krishna) There were tax breaks on hut loans, which caused even more people to invest on these huts. Sinpoian fish were being imported to Usonia like rapid waves, credit levels were high and risk was ignored. Huts started becoming more luxurious and unreasonably expensive. Eventually, â€Å"the â€Å"hut market† took a down turn and every associated industry felt the pain.† (Krishna) As U.S. home pri ces declined steeply after peaking in mid-2006, it became more difficult for borrowers to refinance their loans. In addition, â€Å"assets dramatically plummeted, while the liabilities owed to global investors remained at full price.† (Abir) One of the primary causes of the recession was government intervention in the housing market. This intervention, primarily through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, helped inflate the housing bubble that triggered the crisis. Due to the lack of regulation, banks and credit card companies were freely lending out money to people. Even those who could not afford expensive houses took out loans that they seemingly couldn’t pay back to buy the expensive houses. During the 2008 recession, struggling banks and lenders cut back lending and created a sudden sharp reduction in availability, causing a credit crunch. Consumers were no longer able to borrow and spend, while businesses also cut back their investments as demand decreased. In â€Å"Too Big to Fail,† Dick Fuld, CEO of Lehman Brothers, a large investment bank, is seeking investment, but investors are hesitant because Lehman is exposed to toxic housing assets from the housing bubble. The Lehman’s counterparty risk, risk that a counterparty will not pay as obligated on a transaction, is impacting the entire financial market, while the stock market is in a free fall. The government could only do one thing, urge consumers to spend more. They wanted to keep spending though the crisis and borrow more, however, this would eventually lead to a depression. In the film, Henry Paulson, U.S. Treasury Secretary, plans to buy the toxic assets from the banks, so they wouldn’t go bankrupt and could lend out money again. Paulson later then decides to inject capital into the banks, for it was easier and could boost lending more quickly. By injecting the capital, he expected that the banks will have the money now to lend out to citizens and credit will flow again. The banks agreed, markets stabilized, and the banks repaid their Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) funds. However, Paulson’s expectations were wrong, banks didn’t lend out the money from the injections. As the epilogue of â€Å"Too Big to Fail† stated, â€Å"credit standards continued to tighten resulting in rising unemployment and foreclosures. As bank mergers continued in the wake of the crisis, these banks became even larger and ten financial institutions held 77% of all U.S. banking assets and have been declared â€Å"too big to fail.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Gould) Congress created â€Å"TARP in October 2008, part of which was used by the Treasury to inject much needed capital into the nation’s banks. The Fed aggressively lowered interest rates during 2008, adopting a zero interest rate policy by the end of the year. It engaged in massive quantitative easing in 2009 and early 2010, purchasing Treasury bonds and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities to bring down long term interest rates.† (Blinder and Zandi) â€Å"The Troubled Asset Relief Program of 2008 rescued our financial system from almost certain meltdown, saving the U.S. financial system at the brink of disaster.† (Weller) Shortly after TARP enacted, loan tightening and interest rates eased. The Recovery Act spending helped decrease unemployment and personal disposable incomes increased. â€Å"Industrial production turned around with infrastructure spending spurred by the Recovery Act. After-tax income grew more quickly following the payroll tax cut , followed by job growth accelerating and decrease in household debt. The Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 â€Å"strengthened the fledgling economic recovery by cutting the payroll tax and continuing extended unemployment insurance benefits.† (Weller) In the end, Usonia was completely out of fish. They borrowed more and more to the point where most of their debt was funded by more debt. Citizens don’t save more since borrowing is a simple and easy process. Most people just walk in wanting more money, and walk out with more money and debt. Although higher taxes create more jobs and government revenue, it discourages work and investment. Plus, individuals and private businesses use money more efficiently than the government. In today’s society, spending is almost the route to happiness. That is, people spend to make themselves and others happy. We can’t spend less, but perhaps we can spend smarter. The book’s message itself is very clear. If the U.S. keeps spending and borrowing freely, it will soon meet with hyperinflation and an even more severe economic devastation. Bibliography University of North Carolina. Subprime mortgage crisis. 13 January 2008. 25 April 2014 http://www.stat.unc.edu/faculty/cji/fys/2012/Subprime mortgage crisis.pdf>. Abir, Zaber. THE Global Financial Crisis: Above Beyond. 6 December 2012. academia.edu. 25 April 2014 http://www.academia.edu/2344211/THE_Global_Financial_Crisis_Above_and_Beyond>. Blinder, Alan and Mark Zandi. How the Great Recession Was Bought to an End. 27 July 2010. economy.com. 25 April 2014 https://www.economy.com/mark-zandi/documents/End-of-Great-Recession.pdf>. Romer, Christina. Treatment and Prevention: Ending the Great Recession and Ensuring that It Doesn’t Happen Again. City Club of Cleveland. Cleveland: whitehouse.gov, 2010. 16. Krishna, Radha. How an Economy Grows Why it Crashes : Summary. 14 August 2011. 25 April 2014 http://radhakrishna.typepad.com/rks_musings/2011/08/how-an-economy-grows-why-it-crashes-summary.html>. Schiff, Irwin and Peter Schiff. How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes. Hoboken: Wiley, 2010. Too Big to Fail. Dir. Curtis Hanson. Perf. Peter Gould. 2011. Weller, Christian. 10 Reasons Why Public Policies Rescued the U.S. Economy. 29 May 2012. 25 April 2014 http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2012/05/29/11593/10-reasons-why-public-policies-rescued-the-u-s-economy/>. Williams, Roy. Birmingham investment experts have mixed reactions to report on Great Recession. 20 February 2011. 25 April 2014 http://blog.al.com/businessnews/2011/02/birmingham_investment_experts.html>.

Liberty Bell

Sound of the Freedom- The Liberty Bell Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Meaning can be found even in the most mundane of objects. For instance, consider the USA First Class stamp. On its upper left corner, the number 2008 shows that this stamp was produced in year 2008. The right side of the stamp says â€Å"USA FIRST-CLASSS FOREVER†, meaning that this postage stamp is valid for First-Class postage in the United States no matter when it is used.There is an extraordinary metal bell is in the middle of the stamp – the Liberty Bell, a venerable historic relic that I am going to analyze in the rest of this research paper. The bell was first known by the world as a metal musical instrument in ancient China. Tuned bells in that age were created and played to be performed only for imperial families and noblemen, as a symbol of power and status. Later on, bells became widely used in different religions. For example, bells played an importa nt role in the Eastern world of Buddhism and Hinduism as temple bells.In western world, bells were commonly used as church bells or town bells for gathering people together. In 1752, the Quaker William Penn, legislator and founder of the Pennsylvania colony in 1682, had decided and commissioned the bell to be cast in London, and brought to North America to hang in the State House of the colony of Pennsylvania. â€Å"They had ordered very precisely that these prophetic words from the Old Testament be cast on the bell: ‘Proclaim Liberty throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof. ’ † Obviously, the Liberty Bell represents the important value of liberty and freedom in Pennsylvania colony.Charlene Mires, the associate professor of history of Villanova University, thinks adults viewed the Liberty Bell as an object lesson – â€Å"a means for securing the nation’s future, children could experience it as enormous fun. But the lesson was not j ust the bell was more than an inanimate object. † There are many famous and great bells around the world: for instance, the Mingun Bell in north of Mandalay, Burma, the Largest ringing bell in the world; Tsar Kolokol III Bell, located in Moscow; the Big Ben in London and so on. Even though the Liberty Bell wasn’t the largest, eaviest, or most beautiful bell among these famous bells around the world, perhaps no other bell in the world has ever played a greater historic role than this cracked liberty bell. 2. The Liberty Bell as a symbol of the Declaration of Independence. The Liberty Bell is one of the most significant symbols throughout American history. Even through it is now one of the world’s great icons of freedom, the Liberty Bell wasn’t always so symbolic. At the beginning, the bell was only used to call the Pennsylvania assembly to meetings, just like a normal town bell.Many people think the story of the liberty bell started with it ringing to annou nce the Declaration of Independence on Fourth of July; however, the truth is, the bell did not ring until the eighth of July, the day when they called Philadelphians together for the first public reading of Declaration of Independence by Colonel John Nixon. The Declaration of Independence was an announcement that the thirteen American Colonies were at war with Great Britain as independent states and no longer a part of British Empire.The Declaration states, â€Å"When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. † I have found that there is much knowledge to be learned from the Declaration of Independence.It taught me think that all men are created equal, and all men have the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness that was given by God. The Declaration of Independence shows that American people have suffered too much from the British Empire, and the American people do not want slavery, but liberty. It is for that reason that they rang the Liberty Bell on July 4th 1776. Many people may have noticed that the huge crack on the Liberty Bell. Because of it, this two-thousand-pound mass of unstable metal nearly ended up being garbage.There are various storys about how the bell was cracked. For instance, an eighty-six-year-old man told the New-York Times in 1911 that he cracked the bell in 1835 – he would have been 10 years old at that time! Among the numerous versions of the tales of the cracking bell, the most reputable and famous account is that the bell cracked when Philadelphia’s city government rung the bell on Washington’s Birthday in 1843. Luckily, instead of being forg otten and abandoned by the world because the loss of its voice, the liberty bell gradually became a priceless and great national treasure. . Liberty Bell travels around the United States between 1885-1915. After the Liberty Bell was no longer used as working bell, especially in the years after the Civil War, it started its patriotic trips that involved itself in many obscure events in American history. It traveled by rail car around the United States, and was also placed on exhibit at numerous World’s Fairs. From 1885 to 1915, the Liberty Bell traveled by rail on seven separate trips to eight different World’s Fair exhibitions, visiting nearly 400 cities and towns on those trips from coast to coast.Here are some of the major cities and events that the Liberty Bell has traveled to. Year| Major Events and Places| 1885| To New Orleans for the World’s Industrial and Exposition. | 1893| To Chicago for the World/s Columbian Exposition. | 1895| To Atlanta for the Cotto n States and International Exposition. | 1902| To Charleston for the South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition| 1903| To Boston for the Bunker Hill Monument anniversary. | 1905| To St. Louis for the Louisiana Purchase International Exposition| 1915| To San Francisco for the Panama-Pacific Exposition. Are you wondering how large the influence of the Liberty Bell is? This was how New York Times reported the New-Orleans Exposition before Liberty Bell went to New-Orleans on December 17, 1884: â€Å"This has been a day of nerveless reaction after the great strain of opening day, there were but very few visitors to the grounds, not a thousand. † Everything was changed after the Liberty Bell came to the New-Orleans Exposition. January 26th, 1885, was a great day for the New-Orleans World’s Industrial and Cotton Exposition, and for New Orleans citizens.Because â€Å"extensive preparations had been made for the reception of the Liberty Bell from Philadelphia,† the New York Times proudly announced their venerable guest on Jan 27, 1885. Large numbers of citizens of New Orleans and Philadelphia met the Liberty Bell train at that point, surging forward to touch and kiss the bell. Salutes were fired, whistles blown, and flags were displayed on the exhibit with patriotic music. After the Liberty Bell was installed, it attracted visitors’ attention for nearly five months, achieving an iconic status.Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. On the last of its seven trips, the Liberty Bell was moved to the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, 1915, when the world had just been set afire by World War I. Nevertheless, the horrible World War I did not affect the enthusiasm of Californian people wanting to see the Liberty Bell.In fact, when the organizers of Panama-Pacific Internatio nal Exposition asked Philadelphia city officials to send the Liberty Bell to the Exposition, the city officials denied the request because they were afraid the big crack on the Bell would get larger during its travels and eventually the Bell would fall apart. However, the Philadelphians changed their mind after two hundred thousand Californian schoolchildren signed petitions begging Philadelphia to send the bell. A journalist in San Diego said that â€Å"there is not a single person in any state of the union who does not feel a personal interest in the bell. After the Panama-Pacific International Exposition ended at December 4th 1915, the exposition officials returned the bell and wrote, â€Å"You will be pleased to know that while the Liberty Bell was here in San Francisco, eight million people came to see it! † Even nowadays, several millions people visit the Independence Hall each year, pondering the meaning of the Liberty Bell. Figure 3 Route from home to San Francisco ( right end is Philadelphia, San Francisco at the left end)Even though some people think that other symbols such as the American flag, the Statue of Liberty, and the Uncle Sam draw more attention than Liberty Bell, the Liberty Bell still played a huge important role in the construction of American nationalism. During this travel to world’s fairs and exhibitions, â€Å"the Liberty Bell joined the array of American symbols that excited patriotic enthusiasm during this period in United States history, a time marked by regional reconciliation, high immigration, economic transition, and imperial expansion. â€Å"In its travels, the Liberty Bell did not lose its identity as a historic relic. Actually, the Liberty Bell became something more. † Instead of Philadelphians and other visitors going to Independence Hall in Philadelphia to experience the Liberty Bell, other Americans can also see the Bell at the center of lively hometown festivities. The trips of the Liberty Bell gav e wide public attention to each city and town where the liberty train stopped, so civilians were well prepared to welcome their historic guest.People brought their children from miles away to see the Liberty Bell, to hear its patriotic tunes, to reach out and touch it, and to stage ceremonies in the hopes that their children would long remember its national glory. Because of these travels, Americans beyond Philadelphia had a chance to enhance the relic’s reputation. Postage stamps are not just small pieces of paper. Their pictures are not chosen randomly, they are chosen to present certain thoughts or feelings that a nation wants to project to people. I believe there are reasons USPS (United States Postal Service) made this Forever Liberty Bell stamp. The Liberty Bell is an icon that resonates for freedom and independence for all of America, and those are exactly the qualities we want people to associate with the Forever stamp,† said Michael Plunkett, Acting Vice Presid ent of Pricing and Classification for the U. S. Postal Service. The Liberty Bell is definitely a national treasure, something that American people would be truly proud of and remember forever by the people and history. Who said nothing lasts forever? The Forever Liberty Bell stamp and the Liberty Bell do. Reference:Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148,155, PP151-152, P181. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. PP. 11, 12, 34-35 John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 Lyoyd de Vries , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Phil adelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 Figure 1: August 22, 2008, National Postal Museum http://arago. si. edu/index. asp? con=2&cmd=1&id=218791&img=1&pg=1 Figure 2: 1915. Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop04. htm Figure 3:1915, Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop03. htm ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. P. 11 [ 2 ].Gary B. Nash P. 11 [ 3 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P. 155 [ 4 ]. Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com [ 5 ]. John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com [ 6 ]. Charlene Mires P. 148 [ 7 ]. Harcourt, Brace( 1922), The Declaration o f Independence, Carl Lotus Becker press. P. 6 [ 8 ]. Thomas Jefferson(1776), United States Declaration of Independence. [ 9 ]. Gary B. Nash . PP 33-34 [ 10 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 11 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 12 ].New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Philadelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 [ 13 ]. The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2 [ 14 ]. John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 [ 15 ]. Gary B. Nash P. 12 [ 16 ]. John O’Brien P. 25 [ 17 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148. [ 18 ]. Charlene P. 181 [ 19 ]. Lyoyd de Vries, , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS Liberty Bell Sound of the Freedom- The Liberty Bell Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Meaning can be found even in the most mundane of objects. For instance, consider the USA First Class stamp. On its upper left corner, the number 2008 shows that this stamp was produced in year 2008. The right side of the stamp says â€Å"USA FIRST-CLASSS FOREVER†, meaning that this postage stamp is valid for First-Class postage in the United States no matter when it is used.There is an extraordinary metal bell is in the middle of the stamp – the Liberty Bell, a venerable historic relic that I am going to analyze in the rest of this research paper. The bell was first known by the world as a metal musical instrument in ancient China. Tuned bells in that age were created and played to be performed only for imperial families and noblemen, as a symbol of power and status. Later on, bells became widely used in different religions. For example, bells played an importa nt role in the Eastern world of Buddhism and Hinduism as temple bells.In western world, bells were commonly used as church bells or town bells for gathering people together. In 1752, the Quaker William Penn, legislator and founder of the Pennsylvania colony in 1682, had decided and commissioned the bell to be cast in London, and brought to North America to hang in the State House of the colony of Pennsylvania. â€Å"They had ordered very precisely that these prophetic words from the Old Testament be cast on the bell: ‘Proclaim Liberty throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof. ’ † Obviously, the Liberty Bell represents the important value of liberty and freedom in Pennsylvania colony.Charlene Mires, the associate professor of history of Villanova University, thinks adults viewed the Liberty Bell as an object lesson – â€Å"a means for securing the nation’s future, children could experience it as enormous fun. But the lesson was not j ust the bell was more than an inanimate object. † There are many famous and great bells around the world: for instance, the Mingun Bell in north of Mandalay, Burma, the Largest ringing bell in the world; Tsar Kolokol III Bell, located in Moscow; the Big Ben in London and so on. Even though the Liberty Bell wasn’t the largest, eaviest, or most beautiful bell among these famous bells around the world, perhaps no other bell in the world has ever played a greater historic role than this cracked liberty bell. 2. The Liberty Bell as a symbol of the Declaration of Independence. The Liberty Bell is one of the most significant symbols throughout American history. Even through it is now one of the world’s great icons of freedom, the Liberty Bell wasn’t always so symbolic. At the beginning, the bell was only used to call the Pennsylvania assembly to meetings, just like a normal town bell.Many people think the story of the liberty bell started with it ringing to annou nce the Declaration of Independence on Fourth of July; however, the truth is, the bell did not ring until the eighth of July, the day when they called Philadelphians together for the first public reading of Declaration of Independence by Colonel John Nixon. The Declaration of Independence was an announcement that the thirteen American Colonies were at war with Great Britain as independent states and no longer a part of British Empire.The Declaration states, â€Å"When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. † I have found that there is much knowledge to be learned from the Declaration of Independence.It taught me think that all men are created equal, and all men have the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness that was given by God. The Declaration of Independence shows that American people have suffered too much from the British Empire, and the American people do not want slavery, but liberty. It is for that reason that they rang the Liberty Bell on July 4th 1776. Many people may have noticed that the huge crack on the Liberty Bell. Because of it, this two-thousand-pound mass of unstable metal nearly ended up being garbage.There are various storys about how the bell was cracked. For instance, an eighty-six-year-old man told the New-York Times in 1911 that he cracked the bell in 1835 – he would have been 10 years old at that time! Among the numerous versions of the tales of the cracking bell, the most reputable and famous account is that the bell cracked when Philadelphia’s city government rung the bell on Washington’s Birthday in 1843. Luckily, instead of being forg otten and abandoned by the world because the loss of its voice, the liberty bell gradually became a priceless and great national treasure. . Liberty Bell travels around the United States between 1885-1915. After the Liberty Bell was no longer used as working bell, especially in the years after the Civil War, it started its patriotic trips that involved itself in many obscure events in American history. It traveled by rail car around the United States, and was also placed on exhibit at numerous World’s Fairs. From 1885 to 1915, the Liberty Bell traveled by rail on seven separate trips to eight different World’s Fair exhibitions, visiting nearly 400 cities and towns on those trips from coast to coast.Here are some of the major cities and events that the Liberty Bell has traveled to. Year| Major Events and Places| 1885| To New Orleans for the World’s Industrial and Exposition. | 1893| To Chicago for the World/s Columbian Exposition. | 1895| To Atlanta for the Cotto n States and International Exposition. | 1902| To Charleston for the South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition| 1903| To Boston for the Bunker Hill Monument anniversary. | 1905| To St. Louis for the Louisiana Purchase International Exposition| 1915| To San Francisco for the Panama-Pacific Exposition. Are you wondering how large the influence of the Liberty Bell is? This was how New York Times reported the New-Orleans Exposition before Liberty Bell went to New-Orleans on December 17, 1884: â€Å"This has been a day of nerveless reaction after the great strain of opening day, there were but very few visitors to the grounds, not a thousand. † Everything was changed after the Liberty Bell came to the New-Orleans Exposition. January 26th, 1885, was a great day for the New-Orleans World’s Industrial and Cotton Exposition, and for New Orleans citizens.Because â€Å"extensive preparations had been made for the reception of the Liberty Bell from Philadelphia,† the New York Times proudly announced their venerable guest on Jan 27, 1885. Large numbers of citizens of New Orleans and Philadelphia met the Liberty Bell train at that point, surging forward to touch and kiss the bell. Salutes were fired, whistles blown, and flags were displayed on the exhibit with patriotic music. After the Liberty Bell was installed, it attracted visitors’ attention for nearly five months, achieving an iconic status.Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. On the last of its seven trips, the Liberty Bell was moved to the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, 1915, when the world had just been set afire by World War I. Nevertheless, the horrible World War I did not affect the enthusiasm of Californian people wanting to see the Liberty Bell.In fact, when the organizers of Panama-Pacific Internatio nal Exposition asked Philadelphia city officials to send the Liberty Bell to the Exposition, the city officials denied the request because they were afraid the big crack on the Bell would get larger during its travels and eventually the Bell would fall apart. However, the Philadelphians changed their mind after two hundred thousand Californian schoolchildren signed petitions begging Philadelphia to send the bell. A journalist in San Diego said that â€Å"there is not a single person in any state of the union who does not feel a personal interest in the bell. After the Panama-Pacific International Exposition ended at December 4th 1915, the exposition officials returned the bell and wrote, â€Å"You will be pleased to know that while the Liberty Bell was here in San Francisco, eight million people came to see it! † Even nowadays, several millions people visit the Independence Hall each year, pondering the meaning of the Liberty Bell. Figure 3 Route from home to San Francisco ( right end is Philadelphia, San Francisco at the left end)Even though some people think that other symbols such as the American flag, the Statue of Liberty, and the Uncle Sam draw more attention than Liberty Bell, the Liberty Bell still played a huge important role in the construction of American nationalism. During this travel to world’s fairs and exhibitions, â€Å"the Liberty Bell joined the array of American symbols that excited patriotic enthusiasm during this period in United States history, a time marked by regional reconciliation, high immigration, economic transition, and imperial expansion. â€Å"In its travels, the Liberty Bell did not lose its identity as a historic relic. Actually, the Liberty Bell became something more. † Instead of Philadelphians and other visitors going to Independence Hall in Philadelphia to experience the Liberty Bell, other Americans can also see the Bell at the center of lively hometown festivities. The trips of the Liberty Bell gav e wide public attention to each city and town where the liberty train stopped, so civilians were well prepared to welcome their historic guest.People brought their children from miles away to see the Liberty Bell, to hear its patriotic tunes, to reach out and touch it, and to stage ceremonies in the hopes that their children would long remember its national glory. Because of these travels, Americans beyond Philadelphia had a chance to enhance the relic’s reputation. Postage stamps are not just small pieces of paper. Their pictures are not chosen randomly, they are chosen to present certain thoughts or feelings that a nation wants to project to people. I believe there are reasons USPS (United States Postal Service) made this Forever Liberty Bell stamp. The Liberty Bell is an icon that resonates for freedom and independence for all of America, and those are exactly the qualities we want people to associate with the Forever stamp,† said Michael Plunkett, Acting Vice Presid ent of Pricing and Classification for the U. S. Postal Service. The Liberty Bell is definitely a national treasure, something that American people would be truly proud of and remember forever by the people and history. Who said nothing lasts forever? The Forever Liberty Bell stamp and the Liberty Bell do. Reference:Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148,155, PP151-152, P181. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. PP. 11, 12, 34-35 John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 Lyoyd de Vries , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Phil adelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 Figure 1: August 22, 2008, National Postal Museum http://arago. si. edu/index. asp? con=2&cmd=1&id=218791&img=1&pg=1 Figure 2: 1915. Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop04. htm Figure 3:1915, Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop03. htm ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. P. 11 [ 2 ].Gary B. Nash P. 11 [ 3 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P. 155 [ 4 ]. Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com [ 5 ]. John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com [ 6 ]. Charlene Mires P. 148 [ 7 ]. Harcourt, Brace( 1922), The Declaration o f Independence, Carl Lotus Becker press. P. 6 [ 8 ]. Thomas Jefferson(1776), United States Declaration of Independence. [ 9 ]. Gary B. Nash . PP 33-34 [ 10 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 11 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 12 ].New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Philadelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 [ 13 ]. The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2 [ 14 ]. John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 [ 15 ]. Gary B. Nash P. 12 [ 16 ]. John O’Brien P. 25 [ 17 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148. [ 18 ]. Charlene P. 181 [ 19 ]. Lyoyd de Vries, , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS